The effect of music therapy applied to neonatales on their pain: Systematic review

Abstract

Author(s): Omer Terzi, Gulay Manav and Pelin Uymaz*

Pain is emotional and psychological emotional state that an individual feels as a result of a tissue injury in his/her body along with past experiences. Although individuals can express this emotional state, infants cannot. Instead, infants show pain with physiological or behavioural symptoms. Behavioural symptoms can appear as crying, facial expressions and motor movements, while physiological symptoms can appear as changes in heart rate, an increase in the number of breaths and change in the oxygen value. Various measurement tools have been developed to measure pain. In total, more than 40 scales have been developed for use in premature, new born and post mature babies. The treatment of the pain evaluated with these measurement tools is performed by pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment methods. Pharmacologically, opioid, non-opioid and cholangitis are used; while breast milk, kangaroo care, sucrose application, massage and voice applications are used as nonpharmacological methods. Studies have recently been carried out where nonpharmacological techniques are more prominent. SES applications, which are one of the nonpharmacological methods, have become widespread in intensive care units in recent years. This study aimed to reveal the effect of this prevalence in the last 20 years (2002-2022) and determine the effect of sound applications on pain in premature infants. In the research conducted in 16 databases with keywords, a total of 9301 articles were accessed. Among them, a selection was made according to the inclusion criteria and 17 articles were selected for the study. Of these articles, 82.3% (n=14) yielded positive results in audio applications. In addition to pain assessment, positive results were obtained by increasing SpO2 value, stabilization of heart rate, decrease in respiratory rate and shortening of crying time in studies. However, metaanalysis studies need to be carried out for voice applications to be called positive or negative.

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