Nanohybrid-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy: Advances in Targeted Delivery, Controlled Release, and Translational Challenges

Abstract

Author(s): P Sushma* and Varalaxmi S

Nanohybrid-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapies, including poor solubility, off-target toxicity, and rapid drug clearance. By integrating multiple materials such as polymers, lipids, metals, and inorganic nanostructures, nanohybrids combine the unique advantages of each component, enabling enhanced drug loading, controlled and stimuli-responsive release, and precise tumour targeting. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current advances in nanohybrid platforms for cancer therapy, highlighting their design principles, preparation methods, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications, including chemotherapy, gene delivery, immunotherapy, and theranostics. Key advantages, such as improved pharmacokinetics, reduced systemic toxicity, and multifunctionality, are discussed alongside challenges related to biocompatibility, stability, scale-up, and clinical translation. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical progress are examined, emphasizing the translational potential and regulatory considerations. Finally, future perspectives, including smart, personalized, and AI-assisted nanohybrid systems, are presented, underscoring their potential to revolutionize precision oncology. This review aims to serve as a consolidated resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to advance nanohybrid-based cancer therapeutics toward safe and effective clinical applications.

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