Malignant Degeneration of a Pilonidal Sinus (Report of Two Cases)

Abstract

Author(s): Nejjari Sara*, Keita Diango, Alem Mehdi, El Hakym Samia, Oufrid Abir, El Hilali Hafssa, Chbihi Chaymae, Aabboub Basma, Amaadour Lamiae, Oualla Karima, Benbrahim Zineb, Arifi Samia and Mellas Nawfel

Pilonidal sinus disease is a common pathology in surgical practice. Chronic and neglected cases can result in malignant degeneration, a rare complication observed in approximately 1% of patients. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type, followed by basal cell carcinoma and mixed-type carcinoma. The first case was reported by Heinrich Wolff in 1900, describing a 21-year-old woman with two recurrences after surgical treatment of a pilonidal sinus. Although there were no initial signs of malignancy, the excised specimen after the second recurrence revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Since then, sporadic cases of pilonidal sinus carcinomas have been published globally in case reports and small series, with a total of approximately 140 cases reported in the literature to date. Various authors have reported a 5-year survival rate of approximately 55% to 61%, which is significantly worse than primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we report two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the pilonidal sinus managed at the medical oncology department of CHU Hassan II in Fès, Morocco.

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