Expression of PD/PD-L1 as a prognostic biomarker in ovarian serous carcinoma carcinoma - A literature review

Abstract

Author(s): Astrit M. Gashi, Brikene Elshani*, Hajrullah Latifi, Gent Sopa, Jakup Ismajli and Arianit Sherifi

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of any gynecologic malignancy other. Even after optimal treatment, the prognosis remains poor. To date, no biomarker can predict the individual outcome of a patient with this disease. Two decades of studies have investigated the prognostic value of PD-1/PD-L1 in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma; many issues remain unclear, controversial, inconsistent, and often contradictory. PD-L1 is an important immunoregulatory factor and, as a receptor for PD-1, plays an important role in inhibiting the immune response to cancer cells, thus negatively regulating T cell functions. The level of expression in PD-L1 is related to the patient's survival rate and prognosis in various types of cancers, including ovarian cancer, particularly serous ovarian carcinoma. The level of expression in PD-L1 increases the potency of tumour immunogenicity, increases the rate of an effective response to immunotherapy treatment, increases the overall survival rate, improves the most favorable prognosis of patients, and is applied in the molecular classification of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma; therefore a high expression of PD-L1 is considered as an independent and favorable prognostic biomarker in all histological types of ovarian cancers, especially in serous ovarian carcinomas.

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