Relationship between age, prostate size, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) role in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Abstract

Author(s): Musa Oruqi, Blerim Krasniqi, Hasan Gashi, Arber Neziri, Elvana Podvorica

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic, progressive disease that affects many older men. It has been demonstrated that the prevalence of disease increase with age. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), ultrasound diagnostic of the prostate gland with consideration to its volume and amount of residual urine is among the internationally validated tools used in the assessment of patients with BPH. Aim: The study the relationship between age, prostate size, and PSA role in patients with BPH. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 male participants aged 50 years or older in Prishtina (Kosovo) were enrolled for the study. The standard investigations of BPH for each patient were: blood tests, urinalysis, prostate specific antigen testing, ultrasound and post-void residual volume. The same patients were observed for twenty months in three time intervals (the average time per patient was 6 months-8 months) with the same clinical and laboratory measurements. Results: The age range for the population studied was between 50 to 90 years, with a mean of 69.35 years  (Age) ± 9.35 SD (Standard Deviation). The obtained values showed a statistically significant comparing the first, second and third clinical measurements with sedimentation rate, Mean  ± SD (28.46, 20.97, 15.82,  ± 24.38, 20.91, 19.74) with p<0.001, the number of PSA performed, Mean  ± SD (1.04, 2.04, 3.00,  ± 0.19, 0.23, 0.24) p<0.001 and residual urine. Mean  ± SD (119.94, 79.93, 73.23,  ± 111.97, 66.79, 68.68) p<0.001. Analyzing the relationship between BPH (depended variable) and age, PSA level and weight in grams of the prostate, it was seen that there is a statistically significant relationship between BPH and age for every one-year increase in age, the odds increase by 9% to make BPH (OD (Omne in Die) =1.085; CI (Confidence Interval): 1.012 and 1.162). For a BPH and PSA level, it can be said that for every unit increase in PSA, the likelihood of developing BPH increases by 18% (OD=1.176; CI: 95%: 1.070-1.292). Conclusion: This study showed that the levels of prostate-specific antigen, prostate size grams and post-void residual urine volume significantly increased with age. Therefore, it is essential to create more public awareness, especially among men in their fourth decade of life and above, to visit an urologist whenever they have BPH symptoms.

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