Impact of adolescent obesity on cardiorespiratory fitness parameters and anthropometry: A prospective study for reducing cancer risk in young adults

Abstract

Author(s): Ramya R, D. Keerthana, Vijayalakshmi C, Jyoti Brahmaiah and S. Bhavadeep Kumar Reddy*

Background: Sedentary lifestyles and poor physical fitness among young adults have become global health concerns, increasing the risk of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Adolescent obesity has been linked to reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, which may contribute to long-term health complications, including an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders and certain types of cancer. Understanding the relationship between anthropometric measures and cardiorespiratory fitness can provide valuable insights into these risks and aid in the development of preventive strategies.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Center, including 148 healthy students aged 17 to 23 years. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were recorded. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the Modified Harvard Step Test, which calculates the Physical Fitness Index and VO2 max based on pulse rate recovery. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with t-tests and Pearson’s correlation.

Results: Males exhibited significantly higher PFI and VO2 max values compared to females (p<0.001). A statistically significant relationship was observed between BMI and PFI (p=0.001), with participants in the healthy BMI range (18.5-24.9) demonstrating better fitness. Obese individuals showed significantly lower fitness levels, reinforcing the negative impact of excess body weight on cardiorespiratory endurance. Given the established link between obesity, inflammation and increased cancer risk, the findings highlight the need for early interventions to mitigate these risks.

Conclusion: Adolescent obesity is associated with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and unfavourable anthropometric measures, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases, including cancer. Early lifestyle interventions focusing on weight management and regular physical activity are crucial for improving long-term health outcomes. Given the rising prevalence of obesity, educational institutions and policymakers must prioritize awareness and fitness programs to promote healthier lifestyles and reduce the long-term burden of obesity-related diseases.

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